Phillips County Historical Quarterly

PHILLIPS COUNTY
HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

Published by
The Phillips County Historical Society

The Phillips County Historical Society supplies the Quarterly to its members. Membership is open to anyone interested in Phillips County history. Annual membership dues are individual active members, $3.00, $3.50 if Quarterlies are mailed, man and wife, $5.00, $6.00 if Quarterlies are mailed (to both man and wife). Institutional, contributing and sustaining memberships are $5.00. Single copies of the Quarterly are $1.00.

Neither the Editors nor the Phillips County Historical Society assume any responsibility for statements made by contributors. Correspondence concerning such matters should be addressed to the authors, and concerning other matters should be addressed to Mrs. L. R. Parmelee, Secretary, 172 Helendale, Helena, Arkansas.

Dues are payable to Miss Bessie McRee, Membership Chairman, P. O. Box 629, Helena Arkansas 72342. Make checks payable to Phillips County Historical Society, or payment may be made at County Treasurer's Office, Courthouse, Helena.

**********

Meetings are held on the fourth Sunday in the month, at 3:30 P. M., at the Phillips County Museum, Helena. No mettings are held in December, June, july, and August. The Quarterly is published in September, December, March, and June.

i

---

PHILLIPS COUNTY
HISTORICAL QUARTERLY

---

---

TABLE OF CONTENTS

§§§§§§§§

ii

---

On either side of the entrance to the National Archives Building in Washington, D. C. there stands a massive statue. The inscription at the base of the statue on the left, carved in bold relief, is, "Past is prologue". The inscription at the base of the statue on the right states, "Study the past". Our late President, John F. Kennedy, on a number of occasions has suggested that a study of the past provides a pattern for the future. With this in mind, it is my purpose tonight to give a study of the past of the Helena Rotary Club.

It would be a simple thing for me to give a recitation of the history of the Helena Rotary Club in terms of past accomplishments. I could recite the many fine projects that the Helena Rotary Club has engaged in over the last 50 years. I could recite the sponsorship and good works done by the Club for the crippled adults hospital founded in Memphis, Tennessee in 1923, the sponsorship of Boy Scout Troups, the sponsorship of youth athletic programs, and the rest, but I choose to examine the history and progress of the Helena Rotary Club as it relates to some of the present membership of the Club and to the surrounding circumstances, under which the Club has functioned through the years.

First I wish to express thanks to the Helena World Publishing Company and the Phillips County Library for providing me with the facts contained in this presentation.

As we all know, the Helena Rotary Club was organized a little over 50 years ago at a meeting held at Hotel Nicholas at which the first president, Dr. Aris W. Cox, presided, along with Gilbert Yaeger, Vice president, Tom J. Pettit, treasurer, and Ozero C. Brewer, Secretary. At approximately the same time that our great Club was undergoing the pangs of organization, the Crescent Jewelry Company was advertising for sale Mahogany Tea Wagons at a close out sale cost of $3.95. Ciener's was selling $25.00 overcoats on sale for $14.85, and the Jewel Theater presented Pearl White in the third episode of the great patriotic serial, "Pearl of the Army". And the Jewel Theater was making preparations for a 7 reel super-picture entitled, "Less than the Dust" starring Mary Pickford. Only a few days previously, even with the remarkable playing of Ed Carvill, the Helena Boys Basketball team lost a game to Tunica by the overwhelming score of 18 to 11. The Bill creating the Helena Municipal Court had just passed the Arkansas Legislature, Tappan Hardware Company was offering a one ton Ford Truck for $350.00, Straub & Sons had for sale a new 1020 Titan tractor, a Prohibition

1

---

ralley was to be held the following Sunday, and a price of $22.50 per acre for farm land was cited as an example to show that cheap land in Phillips County was becoming rare.

All of these events were occurring in Helena at a time when General Blackjack Pershing had just completed his efforts to conquer Pancho Villa, and just two months prior to America's entry into the First World War.

Governor Brough, one of the first honorary members of the Helena Rotary Club, had just signed into law the "Bone Dry" law and it was stated that, "When the news concerning the passage of the bill reached Helena this afternoon there was a rush for information concerning the time allowed those with a horrible thurst so as to stock their lockers."

Five Railroads were operating in and out of Helena at the time; the W & MV, M & NA, Iron Mountain, MH & L, and Midland.

Helena Hospital was reporting receipts for the year at $10,207. 21, and the honor roll of the local schools reflected that eighth graders Francis Thompson, Bob Howe, Bessie Cohen, and sixth grader Nathan Cohen, were so close as to deserve high commendation.

On February 8, 1917, a young white boy, Jesse Watts, discovered a five foot alligator while digging in his father's yard, and the alligator was transferred to Habib's Zoo, to be allowed to "thaw out" in the spring.

Habib's Restaurant advertised on its bill of fare, sirloin steaks 35¢, ham and eggs 25¢, and ham sandwiches 10¢.

A Petition was being circulated in West Helena seeking incorporation, and as usual the effort was being opposed because of increased taxes.

Rex Casey, the human fly, was preparing to ascend the Nicholas Hotel, site of the formation of our Club, and the new $12,000.00, 20-room Hotel at Lundell was nearing completion to be modern in every respect.

Seven years later, the Rotary Club was well on the was and receiving fine luncheon programs. On January 23, 1924 the local Rabbi, Joseph Leiser, introduced a musical program consisting of Miss Virginia Lyle at the piano and Miss Rosalind Mundt on the violin. They were described as two winsome young ladies, so it appears that even our forebearers in Rotary were appreciative of the feminine charms, much the same as our present president, Charles Sibley, and our past president, Carlos Smith.

2

---

The early Club also had its problems with attendance, and at the meeting held June 19, 1929, President Skip Adams notified the attendance committee that dire things awaited them if they failed to function by the next meeting.

In the early months of 1929, it appears that our Club favored musical programs, for at the meeting held May 15, 1929, the Business and Professional Women's Club headed by Miss Lucy Sanders, presented Miss Mildred Moran and Miss Lula Mae Williams who sang "Gypsy Love Song" and "Neapolitan Night", and at the meeting on June 19, 1929 Mr. Cliffard Cunard of the Cincinnati Opera Company, star of "Pandora", sang "most brilliantly". Much like Nero's fiddling while Rome burned, while the Helena Club was enjoying all of these fine musical programs, many events of an untoward nature were occuring.

On April 22, 1929, the Laconia Levee broke, inundating 14,000 acres of land, and requiring 1,500 persons to flee to higher ground. Just a few days later the Lambrook Circle levee broke adding additional thousands to the County's flooded acreage.

Some not too reliable prognosticator stated that the first half of 1929 brought many new enterprises to Helena with even more prosperity in the future, stated that the first half of 1929 had ended auspiciously and that "all these things together make the record of Helena and West Helena exceptionally good for the six months just ending and point to even greater prosperity during the remaining six months of the year." This reporter wrote of the enlargement of the Pekin Plant, the new construction of the Arkansas Utilities, the new Montgomery Wards Store, the Library enlargement, and reported that Merrifield and Lambert had constructed in Helena and West Helena during the first six months of 1929, 13 new residences at an approximate cost of $55,000.00. Plans were being made for a new $75,000 Baptist Church, according to Dewey Moore, one of the church leaders. Plans for the Helena Bridge were being considered.

On the national level, Colonel Charles A. Lindburgh was being investigated for stunting in his near collision with a plane of Stout Airlines, Inc. at Cleveland, and Albert B. Fall, Secretary of the Interior under Harding, was found guilty of accepting a $100,000.00 bribe in the infamous "teapot dome" incident.

The Sanger Theater advertised as 100% talking, their feature, “The Canary Murder Case" starring William Powell, Louise Brooks, James Hall and Jean Arthur.

On October 28, 1929, panic rocked Wall Street and police were required to dispel the crowds following the greatest smash in prices of securities in the nation's history. More than 5 billion dollars in

3

---

paper profits were wiped out as sales reached an all time record of 12,894,650 shares and as if this was not enough, the Marvell Water System was declared to be contaminated.

But the straw that broke the camel's back was the declaration by the school officials of Portsmouth, Ohio on April 28, 1929, "That high school girls who rolled their stockings below the hem of their skirts hereafter will do so with the understanding that they forfeit 5% of their grade."

In early October of 1929 only a few days before the crash, the Philadelphia Athletics won the pennant in a great ninth inning rally over the Chicago Cubs 3 to 2, in the presence of President and Mrs. Hoover.

I'm sure that Rev. Frank Walters, Rector of St. John's Episcopal Church, did not fully realize the pertinency of his program before the Rotary Club on November 26, 1941 when he said that, "It often takes tragedies and disasters to make us realize that we should be thankful for the little things of life". This program became particularly pertinent only 11 short days later when Japan opened the curtain on the "Day of Infamy", and the United States entered World War II.

Only a few days prior to this Helena and Helena Rotarians were preparing for a traditional Thanksgiving. Porter Young and Sonny Ciener had just completed a motor trip to Oxford, Mississippi to return Mary Jo Young and Harriet Lambert to their studies at Ole Miss after spending a week end at home with their families, Mrs. Clancy King and son, John, were preparing to leave for Monticello to spend Thanksgiving, and Mr. & Mrs. Harry Bealer were leaving Thursday morning for Russellville to spend Thanksgiving with their daughter, Patsy, who was a student at Arkansas Tech.

Safeway was advertising lettuce, crisp head 5 1/2¢, street decorations were being strung for Christmas, the Paramount Theater featured "Honky Tonk" with Clark Gable and Lana Turner, and the Pastime offered "Swing it Soldier", with Ken Murray, Frances Langford, Don Wilson and Skinny Ennis and his band with prices quoted at 11 and 22¢.

Pat Bell, Sacred Heart Academy student who had been "Boy Rotarian" for the month of November, gave a brief talk before the Club and Jack Young was getting along nicely after recent operation for appendicitis.

And while, on December 11, 1941, the OPM was banning the sale of new tires, J. F. Wahl, Rotary Program Chairman, was directing quiz program on government at the regular weekly metting at Habibs, and Joe Moore, Helena High School senior, was announced as Boy Rotarian for the month of December.

4

---

Troop 14-R, a Boy Scout Troup sponsored by the Helena Rotary Club, was working on emergency service as a part of the National Defense program, under the supervision of Scoutmaster Andrew Coolidge, and Mr. & Mrs. Harry Neblett were in the process of moving into their new home on Oakland Avenue.

Even under the fall of Pearl Harbor, the Rotary Club and Rotarians were preparing for Christmas. On December 17, 1941, the Helena High School Girls' Glee Club provided the program, and it was announced that no meeting would be held the following week with the members paying their annual dues to be divided between the Goodfellow's Club and the Orphans Home. The employees of the Phillips National Bank had only the evening before celebrated their annual Christmas Party at the Y. Among those present were B. L. Ross, Wayne Stone, Francis Thompson, Mrs. F. A. Faust, and Mrs. Virginia Underwood. Thad Kelly had just arrived home from Mississippi State to spend the Christmas holidays with his parents.

On August 8, 1945, Japan was being rocked by atomic blasts and on the same day T. E. McChesney gave the weekly program and explained the benefits and obligations of membership in a Rotary Club.

While Helena and the world were celebrating V.J. Day, Bobby Hornor and several of his friends were attending a Delta Sigma Convention in Jackson, Mississippi.

In February, 1955, the Rotary Club was making plans to celebrate the Rotary Club Golden Anniversary with their annual Rotary Ann party at the Helena Country Club, with Memphis Attorney, Edward F. Berry, as principal speaker, president Harry Neblett presiding, and Jack Young was packing his grip to leave on a European tour which would take him into the leading capitols of Europe and Asia.

Only a few days before in 1955, the Rotary-Ann, the Arkansas and Mississippi Highway Commissioners met at Helena and declared the Helena Bridge to be feasible. Mr. & Mrs. Glasner Miller had just returned from Scotty Cracraft's wedding in Jackson, Mississippi, and Mrs. Charles Roscopf had joined her husband in Little Rock to attend the Legislative Ball at the Marion Hotel, and Victor Solomon was in Dallas attending the gift mart.

ROTC Cadet, Ernest Cunningham, was eagerly awaiting an orientation flight on February 26, 1955 over his home town, Barton. Only a few days later on March 1, 1955, Mr. & Mrs. Clancy King were in the process of extensively remodeling their home to provide a recreation room to overlook the valley below, Elvis Presley was to appear at the Catholic Club on March 8, Bobby Hornor planned to be in Blytheville on the week end for the Gee-Monehan wedding, Mr. &

5

---

Mrs. Floyd Curtis had just returned from a St. Charles celebration, Lt. John King had received orders to report to Edinburgh, Scotland, Mrs. Sam Anderson was serving as Phillips County Chairman of the Easter Seal drive, Salk Vaccine received official recognition as being effective, Miss Blanche Lambert and her guest, Tommy Choate, were announced to arrive from the University of Arkansas for the Easter Holidays, and our former piano player, June Gail Montgomery, had been chosen for. membership in the Alpha Lambda Delta Scholastic Honor Society for freshman women.

Pictures in the Helena World showing members of the D. B. S. Sorority indicated that the feminine skirts were well below the knees.

This presentation of the history of Helena Rotary Club has been something less than traditional. I truly hope that it has at least been entertaining. The history of an organization is colored by the historical circumstances under which it is created and nurtured. The Helena Rotary Club has maintained a continuous and unbroken record of activity since January, 1917, and the historical circumstances under which it has functioned have truly been varied and ever changing. The influence of this club, originally consisting of only 25 members, upon the Helena Community is inestimable.

From the HELENA WEEKLY WORLD

January 5, 1898

An Old Coin. Mr. J. S. Belsha, of Barton, and Esquire Warren Holtzclaw of Tyner, called on the World the other day for the purpose of ascertaining the value of a very old Spanish coin, all unmindful of the fact that the World is supposed to be off its base on the silver coin question. But this was an old coin, and sometimes old coins have a speculative value, given them by collectors who pay fancy prices for rare ones. This particular coin is the property of Mr. Belsha and was coined in 1237 or 660 years ago. That's a long time for a coin to float around in this money grabbing world. On one side is found the following inscriptions: "Carolus IIII. Dei Gracia. 1237," and on the reverse "Hispan Et Ind Rex 8 R T H." Mr. Belsha will communicate with some of the numismatists up in the plutocratic East and see if he can't get a good, round price for this old, old coin.

6

---

1. Fifty years from now the Helena Rotary Club will be meeting in the Summit Club on the 30th floor of the Phillips National Bank Building.

2. Jim Howe, III, led the unsuccessful fight to keep Wabash the last slave domain in Arkansas.

3. Hindman Memorial Committee led a delegation against tearing down the Hindman Jail. Many of its members want to preserve it as a memorial in honor of the late General Hindman.

4. Tom Choate, III, Chamber of Commerce President, has selected a new Committee for the purpose of getting ideas on the joining of the two cities. This is the 50th Committee in the last 50 years.

5. Ronnie Smith, grandson of Carlos Smith, is starting another safari in search of his grandfather in Pakistan.

6. Democratic Governor-elect Winthrop Rockefeller, III, states he will introduce a bill into the Legislature that will eliminate college high school football and basketball because of its close connection with gambling. He further states he would suggest that football be replaced with quiz contests.

7. Republican Attorney General Arthur Raff, III, has, on a directive from the Governor's Office, issued a report that he finds conditions existing at the Helena Country Club the same as his father found them 50 years ago; absolutely no gambling or gaming devises on the premises.

7

---

CAROLINE SHAWK BROOKS: SCULPTRESS IN BUTTER

by

Dale P. Kirkman

Caroline Shawk Brooks was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, April 28, 1840. She was the daughter of Abel Shawk (spelled Shock in some accounts) of Pennsylvania and later Missouri, who was the inventor of the first successful steam fire-engine, and who discovered the vast copper fields around Lake Superior. She graduated from the St. Louis Normal School in 1862, and married Samuel H. Brooks the same year.

Her husband was born at Philadelphia in 1839, and was educated in the schools of Saint Paris, Ohio. He left home at the age of fourteen to become a clerk in a hardware store at Piqua, Ohio. After this, he worked in the railroad business in Ohio and Indiana, finally working for the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. In 1863, he joined the 2nd Tennessee Regiment (Federal), which was organized at Memphis, and served with this outfit for a year. Following army service, he, and one must assume, she, settled briefly in Coahoma County, Mississippi, moving to Phillips County, Arkansas in 1866.

Mr. Brooks had left the railroad business to take up farming, owning and farming 420 acres of his own in Phillips County, and managing 1350 acres belonging to Dr. A. A. Hornor. In 1868, he was elected county treasurer, serving for four years, and in 1882, he was elected to the state legislature, serving from 1883-1885.

Mrs. Brooks started her unique modeling in butter while she lived at Helena. She supplied the Waters family with butter, and after going there one day and seeing Mrs. Waters lying ill, she came home and tried to retain her beauty by carving an image of the invalid's head in a large pat of butter.

Judge Waters (a referee in bankruptcy, living first at Helena and later at Little Rock), liked Mrs. Brooks' creation and had it packed in ice and sent to Philadelphia, where it was kept frozen through six months of the Centennial Exposition in 1876. This model, called "The Dreaming Iolanthe," created a sensation at the Exposition, and it is the work of Mrs. Brooks most often mentioned in brief sketches of her life. The Library of Congress has two photographs of The Dreaming Iolanthe along with a reproduction of it, and the "Reverie of Queen Isabel of Arogon." These are called the Centennial butter sculptures.

A little souvenir book called Iolanthe, or King Rene's Daughter, a poem translated from the Danish of Henrik Hertz, was distributed

8

---

by Mrs. Brooks at the Missouri Headquarters of Centennial Grounds, Philadelphia, bearing the date November 14, 1876. In the introduction of the little book, Mrs. Brooks explained that these souvenirs were being passed out to the thousands who questioned her during the Centennial Exposition about the alto-relievo which had been her "seven months' care."

In her butter modeling, Mrs. Brooks used broom straws and a butter paddle as her implements. She progressed from butter to marble, but still used butter in the primary stages. When a butter model was finished, plaster was pressed down over the figure. When the plaster dried, the butter on the inside was melted and poured out through a small opening. Then the cast was filled with plaster. When the inside plaster got hard, the outside cast or mold was taken off, and a smooth, solid plaster cast left. She then copied the cast in marble.

A letter from the Library of Congress to the late Mrs. Margaret Ready about Mrs. Brooks, said that she was first known for her butter models exhibited at the Paris World's Fair in 1878. The late Mrs. Belle McKenzie of Helena, in another letter, said that Mrs. Brooks had exhibitions at the Helena Fair of 1873 or 1874, including her "ears of corn" and The Dreaming Iolanthe. It is probable that the Philadelphia Fair of 1876 was the first time that Mrs. Brooks had recognition for her work.

At some time following the Philadelphia Exposition, she went to Rome and apparently was successful working in marble there. During the 1880s she opened a studio in New York and did portrait marbles of many famous people, among them, James Garfield, George Eliot, Thomas Carlyle, and a portrait group of five figures, representing Mrs. Alicia Vanderbilt and family.

Mrs. Brooks exhibited again at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. She was located in the Florida Building at this Fair, and also had some exhibits in the Missouri Building. She was seen modeling in butter figures of Isabella and Columbus, and she had some marble work displayed. Several Helena visitors saw her and found her still very interested in her old Helena friends.

I have not been able to find any information on when Mr. and Mrs. Brooks left Helena or where they went, but he, at least, was still living here in 1890, as attested by a biographical sketch of him in Goodspeed's Memoirs of Eastern Arkansas, published 1890.

9

---

1860 CENSUS

PHILLIPS COUNTY

St. Francis Township

Census taken by R. B. Macon and Gid. H. Macon, Assistant Marshals.

(Legend: No. 11 after a name means that that person was married within the year.
No. 12 after a name means that that person attended school within the year.
No. 13 after a name means that that person is over 20 years of age and can not read or write)

10

---

11

---

12

---

13

---

14

---

15

---

CATHOLIC CHURCH IN HELENA

by

Mrs. C. M. Young

Christian services in Helena date back to 1541 when Hernando Desoto, having reached the Mississippi River at a place near Friars Point, had his men build rafts of logs and ferried his men and horses across the river. He started north and when he reached the first high ground, camped and had a cross of trees erected and the Priests travelling with him said the first Christian service on the west bank of the river.

The high ground was the beginning of Crowley's Ridge which starts at the Helena Crossing and extends into Missouri. This section was suffering from a drought and the Indians, thinking Desoto was a white God, asked him to bring rain. Desoto told them he could not bring rain but would ask his God to send it and to their surprise it rained the next day.

Desoto found the Quapaw Indians friendly and rested here before starting west and eventually reached Hot Springs. The healing waters of the springs were declared neutral grounds and other tribes came here. Desoto and his men rested there for six weeks.

No white men came here again until 1673 when Father Marquette, a French priest and a merchant named Joliet, came down from the Great Lakes trying to locate the mouth of the River. The friendly Quapaws warned them that hostile Indians further south would murder them. Some of Father Marquette's diaries were lost when his canoe overturned and before he reached the starting point, he died and his faithful companion buried him on a small island. Joliet finally reached their headquarters.

In 1679 Henri de Tonti, with some seminarians from Quebec went further south. Whether he had services here is not known.

In 1682, the great La Salle, in his voyage to discover the mouth of the river, landed at the Quapaw village. Father Membre, a Franciscan priest recited prayers and sang hymns and probably said Mass. Father Membre wrote, in speaking of the Quapaw Indians, "They are a lively, civil and generous people, very different from the cold taciturn Indians of the North." Domestic fowls of several kinds were noticed and other like evidences of an approach to civilization.

The Right Reverend Andrew Byrne of Ireland was the first Bishop of Arkansas. While in the Seminary in Ireland, he volunteered

16

---

to come with Bishop England of South Carolina, to Charleston where he was ordained in 1827. After serving in that city he went to New York. In 1843 the Diocese of Little Rock was created, including the Indian Territory, and in 1844 Bishop Byrne was consecrated in St. Patrick's Cathedral and sent to Arkansas. Bishop Hughes subsidized him and allowed him to take two priests from New York. He selected Father Corry and Father Donahoe. Father Corry was reputed to be a man of considerable wealth. He bought land near Fayetteville for church purposes. Father Corry stayed nine months and when he left to return to his home at Albany, N. Y., he deeded the land to the church.

In 1849 or 1850, Bishop Byrne made a trip to Ireland and secured for his diocese the first Sisters of Mercy. Four nuns and eight postulants came by way of New Orleans.

As there were nuns to teach, Bishop Byrne decided to open a school at Helena. He purchased a beautiful property with a fine home, once the residence of Col. Biscoe. It was surrounded by gardens, an orchard and vine covered arbors, and in good condition. The property extended from Arkansas Street north to Phillips Street and west to Don Street in Catholic Hollow.

In 1858, the Bishop conducted four Sisters to this home, which was far the best Convent in the State. It was named St. Catherine's Academy. The school was well attended but in a few years, the Sisters saw the need of a boarding school so that the planters in the surrounding territory could send their daughters to school.

The first blow to the school, which the Bishop so fondly cherished, was the death of Bishop Byrne. When his health began to fail, the Bishop came to Helena where it was thought the climate was better. He and his faithful attendent occupied a small cabin on the school grounds and despite the loving care given by the Sisters, he died on June 10, 1862 and was buried on the school grounds where the Catholic Club now stands.

The second disaster, coming simultaneously, was the Civil War, whose ravages were especially severe on the town of Helena. The chief support of the school had been a day school, but the patrons, whose children had once filled the halls had been scattered. Their lands were confiscated and many became so poor that they were obliged to leave in search of work. As a consequence, the Sisters, after laboring for ten years, had to leave in January, 1868 and return to Little Rock. They left a fine record behind them.

17

---

When the Civil War Centennial started, I wrote to the Sisters of Mercy at Ft. Smith and asked if they had any records of the Helena school and Sister Gabriel replied. "My Novice Mistress," who took part during those sad days said, "when we realized that we were doomed by the awful battle, we turned our house, out-houses and grounds into the very best emergency hospital that could be done under the circumstances. We boiled our white apparel as a means of sterilizing them for bandages. Mother Terese was very gifted in knowing how to help the wounded and those ill from exposure. Many a wounded soldier of both sides, found relief under her care. We lost everything and were broken hearted when forced to leave Helena". The soldiers who died were buried on Reservoir Hill and there were thirty-five or more graves, marked unknown.

Bishop Byrne's remains rested on the school grounds until 1881 when his bones were removed to Little Rock and placed in a crypt in the New St. Andrews Cathedral, which had recently been dedicated. At the time when the Bishop's were moved to Little Rock his episcopal ring was given to the Sisters of Mercy and when Bishop Fletcher was consecrated a Bishop, the Sisters presented the Bishop with Bishop Byrne's ring.

The first church built was a frame building with one large room, used as a chapel and several adjoining rooms used as a rectory. In 1888, Father John M. Boetzkes decided to build a brick church, so the frame building was moved back on the terrace and used as a rectory. Later when a fine Rectory was built, the old building was used as a Catholic Club, until the present fine Catholic Club was built.

In the early thirties, this small church was torn down and during the late Father Martin's pastorate the present church was built. Monsignor Wm. McCoy, who was a class mate of Father Martin, sang the first Mass when the Church was dedicated. Father Martin now rests under a marble slab on the north side of the Church. He had dedicated his time and life to build it.

In 1878, the Rt. Rev. Edward Fitzgerald, having succeeded Bishop Byrne to the diocese of Little Rock, felt that conditions had improved in the eleven years. He asked the Sisters of Charity of Nazareth, Ky. for Sisters to take charge of the Helena School. On the 16th of August, Sister Estelle Hasson and five companions left Nazareth, travelling by land and water. A week later they arrived at the Helena Wharf on a dark rainy night, and waded through mud to their new home.

The Rev. John M. Boetzkes greeted the Sisters most warmly and by lamp light gave them an introduction to their new home. The early sunrise the next morning revealed the distant hills and the Mississippi River. They named it the Sacred Heart Academy. The

18

---

Convent stood almost isolated. The main building was approached by terraces with rows of magnolia trees. Father Boetzkes spent much of his spare time at the Academy repairing it and trying to make it comfortable. Under the combined activity of Father and the Sisters, the place soon assumed a different look.

Pupils entered the school in large numbers and it was soon necessary to ask for another Sister. They also saw the need of a boarding school so the children of the surrounding country could be sent to Helena for an education. There were two dormitories, one for the small girls and one for the older ones. The Powells had a large plantation across the river in Mississippi and their daughter, Mrs. W. R. Noble, ferried the River and was a boarder for eight years. The Sisters also taught music and soon trained a small choir to sing in the church. The Sisters of Charity have been in Helena now for 88 years and have added much to the spiritual life and culture of the Community. No doubt they influenced the 18 men and women from Helena to enter the religious life.

They are Monsignor James Gaffney, now of Hot Springs, Father Francis Coco, a Jesuit now in New Orleans, Father Thomas Clancy of Little Rock, Father John Kettler in Wynne, Brother Anthony Coco in South America, and Brother Jene Greer a Jesuit now in Illinois, and Father Lambert EcKelhoff, Benedictian at Corpus Christi, Texas. The Nuns, all Sister of Charity at Nazareth, Ky. are Sister Margaret Mary Schwantz, who spent her last six years teaching at Sacred Heart Academy. She was an Aunt of Mrs. J. B. Connolly. Sister Mary Justine Weebster, Sister John Joseph Zambie, Sister Mary Dominack Waters, Sister Margaret Mary Coco, Sister Reita Coco, Sister Grace Maria Saia, Sister Paschal Marie Fernacola, Sister Mary Mathies Diller, and Sister Mary Gretchen Toombs.

A large granite block on lower Cherry Street commemorates the arrival of Hernando Desoto. This was given by the President of the Arkansas Midland Railroad and shipped down here from north Arkansas.

The late Mrs. E. S. Ready, reading that the Catholic Knights were holding their convention in Little Rock, wrote to them asking if they would place a marker here for Father Marquette. To every one's surprise they said they would have a statue of Father Marquette made if we would have it properly mounted. It stands at the east end of Oakland Park.

The Colonial Dames of Arkansas, having learned that Helena was the first place Christian services were held on the west banks of the River, gave the tall marble marker that stands at the west end of the Park.

This talk was given at the Feb. meeting of the Phillips County Historical Society.

19

---

SPEECH GIVEN BY JAMES P. BAKER, JR. AT DEDICATION OF HORNOR MARKER IN WEST HELENA, MARCH 4, 1967

Mr. Edward Chaffin Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor put together their talents for the planning, development and building of West Helena. Their background and their capabilities blended together into an extremely effective team for carrying into effect the project that was before them. Their task was one of considerable magnitude and I think that now -- 57 years later -- we can all thank them and say "they played their part well".

Mr. E. C. Hornor, the son of Major John Joseph Hornor, was born in Helena on the fifth of November, 1861. His mother, Betty Tully of Columbia, Tennessee, died in 1863 and was buried in Little Rock when the family was on the way from Helena to Texas to avoid some of the problems created by the Civil War. At the time of his mother's death, Mr. E. C. Hornor was only two years of age, and one of the interesting events of his early life was that during this trip to Texas he fell off the wagon and they had gone some distance before he was missed and they had to then turn around and go back up the road and pick him up.

Major John J. Hornor served as a major in the Confederate Army and, of course, he was away when his little son was growing up and when Major Hornor returned to Helena after the Civil War, he lived in his law offices and Mr. E. C. Hornor was actually reared by his grandparents, John S. Hornor and Elizabeth Johnson Hornor. John S. Hornor was, also, the grandfather of John Sidney Hornor, the other gentleman whom we are honoring today. John S. Hornor came to Helena from Fauquier County, Virginia, and he died in Helena on the fifth of November, 1890, at the age of 84. His, also, was a very useful life. He taught school, served as County and Probate Clerk in Phillips County and he founded the Bank of Helena.

Major John J. Hornor, father of E. C. Hornor, and uncle of John Sidney Hornor, took a keen interest in the Episcopal Church and prior to the outbreak of the Civil War he formed a law partnership with General James C. Tappan. Major Hornor read law under Honorable William K. Sebastian who was a United States Senator and who-as United States Senator--had the respect and confidence of President Abraham Lincoln. Major Hornor eventually formed a law partnership with his son, E. C. Hornor, and together they had a thriving law practice. Major Hornor owned a substantial interest in the Arkansas and Midland Railroad and he played an important part in the development and building of the Gas and Electric Plants in Helena and, also, the formation of a company to build artificial ice. Major

20

---

Hornor, also, served as a member of the Constitutional Convention of Arkansas in 1874 which adopted the present Constitution of our state.

Mr. E. C. Hornor attended Locust Dale Academy in Rapidan, Virginia, and the University of Virginia. He was a rising young lawyer until he gave up his law practice to become engaged in the management of the Bank of Helena. He died on the 18th day of February, 1944, and left surviving him the following children:

Aurelius Pointer Hornor
Edward Tully Hornor
George Lambert Hornor, now deceased
Mrs. Lenora Hornor Morris

John Sidney Hornor, the other co-founder of West Helena was born in Helena, Arkansas, on December 14, 1873, the son of Hamilton S. Hornor and Caroline Polk Hornor. Mr. Hamilton S. Hornor was known as "Uncle Hamie" and he spent his life in mercantile pursuits, first as a partner in McKenzie, Hornor and Co., and later his business was known as H. S. Hornor and Co., which Company was engaged in the general furnishing business in Helena. Caroline Polk Hornor, mother of John Sidney Hornor, was a native of Helena and she was a great-aunt of Cadwallader Leonidas Polk who practiced law in Helena for a number of years prior to his death in 1950.

Mr. John Sidney Hornor attended a preparatory school known as the Dinwiddie School in Virginia, which in that day and time was a prominent Presbyterian school. He then entered Virginia Military Institute from when he was graduated on June 27, 1895. As most of you know V. M. I. has now and had then one of the most exacting and rigid curriculums of any school in the nation, which is why it has produced such men as Stonewall Jackson and George Catlett Marshall. As one who spent five years next to the V. M. I. Campus, I have always had the greatest admiration and respect for anyone who could earn his degree from this institution.

On January 3, 1900, he married Fannie May Moore, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Moore and they had two children, Robert Moore Hornor and Frances Carolyn Hornor Curtis. Mr. John Sidney Hornor formed a partnership with the late Charlie Wooten and they were engaged in the buying, selling and shipping of cotton and this firm was very successful and they had customers not only in the United States but in England, France and Germany. One interesting fact about this firm was that -- as did most other cotton shippers of that day and time -- it entered into binding contracts to sell cotton which would be delivered later on during the harvesting season. In the fall of 1907 it rained, so they say, "forty days and forty nights".

21

---

The cotton crop was deteriorating rapidly so they sent a representative to Pauls Valley, Oklahoma, to buy cotton in order to meet their commitments. In any event the firm of Wooten and Hornor weathered the storm.

Mr. John Sidney Hornor no doubt inherited some of the traits of his grandfather, John S. Hornor, for whom he was named and who was a school teacher and banker. Mr. John Sidney Hornor was offered a professorship in mathmatics at the University of Arkansas and it has been said that he was very good with figures and he could figure interest in his head as well as anyone could do.

He, also, served as Alderman on the City Council of Helena, having been elected by a "Landslide Margin".

So you can easily see that when E. C. Hornor and John Sidney Hornor merged their efforts to build West Helena each had a very formidable background and extremely impressive credentials. It has been said that at the time of the death of E. C. Hornor in 1944 that he had as a result of his association with his grandfather, John S. Hornor, and his father, Mayor John J. Hornor, one hundred and eleven years of adult knowledge about Phillips County.

In the latter part of 1907 Mr. James R. Bush, father of the late Jim Bush, whom we knew so well, wrote an article -- in pamphlet form -- about the growth of Helena in which he stated that building sites in Helena were limited because of the hills on one side and the river on the other. No doubt he, also, took into consideration the fact that because of possible flood damage there were not any safe building sites north of Walker Levee or south of Cross Levee. Mr. Bush further stated that it would probably be wise to go on the west side of Crowley's Ridge where the terain offered possibilities for economical development, particularly for industry.

Mr. Bush and Mr. E. C. Hornor were close friends and they proposed as early as 1907 that the plantation known as the "Old Hoggatt Clopton Place" -- later known as the "Worthen Place" – become the townsite of West Helena. Mr. E. C. Hornor was the first President of the "Business Men's League" in Helena which was concerned with the economic development of Helena and he recognized the physical limitations as above set forth, and he was, also, fully aware that the trading territory of Helena -- as of that time -- from our agricultural standpoint -- was only from the south. He realized beyond any doubt that industrial development was the solution to the problem and that obtaining the "Old Hoggatt Clopton Place" or “Worthen Place" was the key to the solution. This place was the most typical of the remaining plantations in this area. The Plantation House was located about 200 feet south of what is now Sibley-Porter Supply Company and faced East. The Home had an

22

---

expansive lawn with a long line of cedars paralleling the approach walkway to the home. The land area of this farm was level and extremely suitable for residential, commercial and industrial development. From where we stand today you can see that they started this development just on this side of the ridge. Drainage was a problem but not too big a one, and, strange as it seems now, water was somewhat of a problem then because of the depth that they had to go in order to obtain water of good quality.

In 1902, Helen M. Worthen purchased this property consisting of 2358.6 acres from Hoggatt Clopton and in 1907 she conveyed this property to James R. Bush for $30,000.00. In 1908 Mr. Bush conveyed this property to E. C. Hornor for about $39,870.00. On March 31, 1910, he conveyed 2321.6 acres to The West Helena Company which was incorporated in February, 1910 by E. C. Hornor, John S. Hornor and James Tappan Hornor. Mr. L. R. Parmelee became Engineer for this company in March, 1910 and he held this position until December, 1911 when he resigned to accept the office of City Engineer of Helena, a position that he still holds. R. L. Hope succeeded him as Engineer for the West Helena Company, which position he held for a number of years.

M AND N. A. RAILROAD

The M and N. A. Railroad played a major role in the development of West Helena and much more than I had anticipated. In March, 1907, Mr. L. R. Parmelee joined the party of engineers who were locating the right-of-way from Helena northwest to Searcy. Allegheny Improvement Company was organized by a group of St. Louis men who were anxious to build a diagonal railroad across this part of the United States extending from the wheat fields of Kansas to the deep water on the Gulf. Pensacola was the proposed southern terminus. In 1907 Mr. E. C. Hornor and Major C. H. Purvis made a trip to Pensacola and obtained options on the right-of-way between here and Pensacola and, also, on waterfront rights in Pensacola. Some of the promoters of the road -- in the early stages -- wanted the line to run east from Heber Springs to Memphis rather than to Helena. However, the Business Men's League of Helena headed by Mr. E. C. Hornor persuaded them to run the line on down to Helena. Without the M. and M. A. Railroad the development of West Helena would have been extremely difficult and because of the fact that this road ran through West Helena it caused the Missouri Pacific Railroad to run a spur out to West Helena to handle an increasing volume of freight.

It has been said by reliable authority that the Frisco Railroad wanted to buy the M. and N. A. and extend the road on to Pensacola and, as a matter of fact, the Frisco ran a survey in the area and the route was projected on the other side of Crowley's Ridge. About this time the Frisco became in financial difficulties and this was a big

23

---

blow to the local supporters of the project. It is interesting to note that the first migration of people into West Helena came from Northwest Arkansas and on the M. and N. A.

CAR LINE

These men displayed their courage in acquiring the land for the townsite of West Helena even before the car line was built and in 1909 they organized the corporation to build the car line. In that day and time there were only about a half dozen automobiles in Helena and the building of this line was the crux of the problem in the successful development of West Helena. Without any means of communication between Helena and West Helena there was not any chance that the project would succeed. Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor hoped that some other firm or group would come in from other parts of the United States and build the car line but, when this was not possible, they went on with this part of their project on their own. They obtained the services of Major C. H. Purvis, an engineer, to survey a proposed right-of-way from Helena and West Helena. It was, of course, necessary for them to select the shortest possible distance for the building of the road. After the right-of-way was obtained they then began to cut through the hills and the result is the road that we have today between Helena and West Helena.

It is interesting to note that the building of the car line was the one phase of the development of West Helena that caused them the greatest concern from a financial point of view but, in the end, it proved to be one of the most successful. They had some luck in the beginning in that they were able to obtain some rails that had been used in the construction of the Arkansas Midland Railroad which ran between Helena and Clarendon. These were the first steel rails that had been brought into eastern Arkansas and they had been brought in before the Civil War by a Dutch Company. These rails were thirty-five pounds in weight and they were too light for use on the railroad. They actually bought these rails from W. D. Reeves who had used them in the building of a road out to a log camp near Helena. Major Purvis was the engineer in construction of the car line.

Mr. T. W. Keesee of Helena was given a temporary leave of absence from his duties in the Bank of Helena to serve as Conductor on the first street car that ran between Helena and West Helena. Today Mr. Keesee remembers this event with a great deal of pleasure.

LAYING OFF WEST HELENA

Major C. H. Purvis was the engineer in charge of laying out West Helena. He was an educated and intelligent gentleman and a capable engineer. Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor were good in the selection of their associates and Major Purvis was no exception. He completed his survey and map of the new townsite on March 28, 1910.

24

---

In the laying out and in the planning of West Helena I believe that Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor displayed infinite wisdom and great imagination. They were years ahead of their time in their thinking and in their reading of the future, and we should bear in mind that while they were doing their dreaming and making their plans it was a little more than twenty years before the State of Arkansas had adopted even a small-scale zoning law and about fifty years before our General Assembly passed a comprehensive law in reference to zoning and planning. We have been fortunately blessed up to now in not having had too much litigation in zoning matters and in every single decision the essential character of the neighborhood -- as envisioned by Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor --has been preserved.

The lots in West Helena as originally laid out were of sufficient size to meet the requirements of modern day living. Practically all of the east and west lots were 66 feet in width and 132 feet in depth. Other lots were smaller in size. The streets are wide and contained plenty of space to meet the requirements of the automobile age. Tenth Street is larger than most of the streets because it was thought that perhaps the Citizens of West Helena would like to take a ride around the City and, therefore, Tenth Street should be larger. The area from Tenth east including St. Andrews and St. Anthony Place was an afterthought.

When Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor decided to develop the area between Panama Road and Sebastian Street as an industrial area and they developed same into ten acre sites, in my opinion this was their "Finest Hour". The first industry was located across Plaza from where H & M Lumber Company is now located and was known as the Helena Veneer Company and was operated by Messrs. Van Briggle and Wilkins. The next industries grew into the north and adjacent to the M and M. A. Railroad and others then grew south along the M and N. A. Later the Missouri Pacific ran a spur through the center of this industrial area which helped industries to develop and locate on each side of their line. The entire industrial area was bounded on the east by a road of unusual width which has served the area well even today and on the west Panama Road is a secondary road which has served the industries well.

In the development of West Helena they, of course, planned well for the development of the sewer and water facilities and other utilities.

Does not all of this have a modern-day ring? How often do we read of a community obtaining a large area of land running railroads and highways and utilities to it and developing industrial sites?

It, also, took a great deal of time and effort to obtain the industries and to help them locate and become adjusted here. I know the

25

---

effort that must be put forth even to obtain two or three industries. In addition to the industries that were located between Sebastian Street and Panama Road I should think that one of the greatest accomplishments of these two men was in obtaining a site which enabled Chicago Mill and Lumber Company to locate here and which plant was the back-bone of our economy for so many years and particularly during the dark days of the Depression.

HOW THE NAME OF WEST HELENA?

At one time Helena and West Helena was the second (so I have been informed) largest hardwood manufacturing center in the world. This was brought about by several factors, the presence in this area of an abundance of timber in our forests, the availability of labor and having favorable shipping rates to the east by virtue of the Y & MV (Illinois Central Railroad) crossing the Mississippi River at Helena. In order to obtain these favorable rates for shipping to the east from industries in West Helena it was necessary for shipping from West Helena to be considered as part of the Helena Yard of the Missouri Pacific under the existing rules and regulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It was a great day for us when the Missouri Pacific Yard in Helena was extended west to include West Helena. As we all know this helped in our struggle for economic survival and this one fact has helped the industries in West Helena as well as Helena to ship on a competitive basis with industries elsewhere.

PLAZA

The main thoroughfare through West Helena was designated as "PLAZA" and not Plaza Street. Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor wanted to provide for a promenade where the citizens could walk and visit on Sunday afternoons, in the evenings and on other occasions. This, along with the right-of-way of the car line and the highway, accounts for the remarkable width of 117 feet of the Plaza which has inured to our great benefit until this day. This Plaza is the heart of West Helena today and with great forethought it was laid through the center of the town, connecting with Chicago Mill in a straight line on the west and crossing Sebastian Street and Panama Road.

BEECH CREST

The Founders of West Helena believed in hard work but they, also, believed in parks and recreation. They exercised excellent judgment -- in my opinion -- in the selection of the beautiful site known as "Beech Crest". In this park there was a zoo, bandstand, picnic grounds and a theatre where the summer shows could be held. Later on it was a prominent place for dances for the younger set.

26

---

HELENA COUNTRY CLUB

Mr. E. C. Hornor and Mr. John Sidney Hornor transferred at the nominal figure of $774.00 this property to the Helena Country Club for the erection of a beautiful golf course and this club has provided a great source of recreation to many residents of this and other areas and today the members of this Club are now adding an additional nine holes to the golf course.

CAR LINE - PLEASURE

The Car Line from Helena to West Helena has -- in addition to serving a very vital economic link between Helena and West Helena, also, provided much pastime for pleasure rides between Helena and West Helena. People would drive their buggies and ride their horses a considerable distance merely to have the opportunity to enjoy a ride on the new streetcars. On one occasion a gentlemen got on one of the cars and gave the conductor a five dollar bill and told him to "keep it" because he wanted to "ride it up". On one Fourth of July over 8,000 people rode these cars between Helena and West Helena.

In conclusion I would like to say that the plan and inescapable fact is that the two men had a plan; they knew how they wanted to carry out this plan and they did so with unerring efficiency.

As I look back over their lives I can't help but think of the many benefits that we have all derived from their good work. I wonder how this entire community would have gotten along without Chicago Mill -- without old Pekin -- and other industries which these two gentlemen helped to nurture and develop through their friendship with the principal owners of these and other firms. Also, their long-range planning in providing wide right-of-ways has been of inestimable value for those driving through West Helena and on into Helena. Even today one of the roads that they laid out and built will serve as an important factor in the building of the modern approach to the Helena Bridge.

They both had great hopes for our future. They both were early proponents of a bridge across the Mississippi River and it must have been a great disappointment to Mr. E. C. Hornor the day he sat in the "White House" about thirty years ago and watched the late President Roosevelt veto the legislation providing for the erection of the Helena Bridge. However, through the efforts of those in his family and others this dream of theirs has now come true.

So, I say to the present-day planners of our community and of our area and of our state "STUDY THE PLANS THAT THESE MEN MADE: MAKE YOUR OWN PLANS BUT DO WHAT THEY DID --"CARRY THEM OUT".

27

---

Needless to say I am deeply touched that because of the life of my father and mother in this community I have been asked to participate in this ceremony. On behalf of my sister and my brother and our families I want to say to the members of the "HORNOR FAMILIES," "THANK YOU".

28

---

EARLY DOCTORS IN PHILLIPS COUNTY

From the Helena Constitution Journal and the Southern Shield

29

---

BOOKS

The Midnight Warning and other stories, A Southern Tale of Fourth of July in War Time, by Edward H. House. New York: Harper & Bros., 1892.

This is a novel, the story of a Union sympathizer and his family who were living near Helena in 1861. Colonel Claiborne has three children, the twins, Lionel and Jennie, aged fifteen, and Julius, aged nine. The family has just endured a tragedy, the result of a steamboat disaster on the Mississippi River, in which the children's older sister and grandfather were killed, leaving their mother and grandmother injured beyond recovery, and expected to die at any time.

Colonel Andrew J. Claiborne is known to be a Union man, and with the outbreak of the Civil War, Helena residents, led by Judge Huntoon and Major Brindal, came to his plantation home to get him to declare for the South. This he refused to do. He also turned a picture of Jefferson Davis to the wall, though up to this time he had kept it in his parlor, having served with Davis in the Mexican War.

Colonel Claiborne went in to Helena that night to the court house with this escort, to defend his position orally. He finally arrived back home safely, but the people of Helena and his friends now looked on him as a pariah, an outcast.

The novel is really the story of Lionel, and by 1862, it becomes his story. His mother and grandmother have died, and his father is leaving to join the forces of the Union General Curtis, in command at Helena. His father has liberated his slaves, and he now leaves Lionel in charge of the plantation.

Lionel sat on the piazza of his home, eleven miles out of Helena on the Clarendon Road, thinking back over the times when his main activity was working in his mother's flower garden below the parlor windows. The next year was to be a frightening one for him and his sister and brother.

Lionel's home was variously occupied by Confederate officers as a headquarters before the Battle of Helena, and then by Union officers. He handily defends the family with a gun during these days and submits to questioning from both sides. One such test came from a man who had known his father in earlier days, and who tries to find out if Lionel is really Colonel Claiborne's son. The dispute was over Colonel Claiborne's name, with Lionel proving that his father's middle name is Julius, and not Jackson. Lionel considered July 4, 1863 as the most momemtous day in his life -- the day that the Confederate forces were repulsed at Helena.

30

---

The Union victory at Helena was not the end of Lionel's troubles, however, for Union authorities found out that he had harbored Captain Richard Fairchild, a Confederate officer. Lionel was brought into Helena for trial.

After telling how Captain Fairchild had saved his life, and when it was realized that Lionel was Colonel Claiborne's son, the authorities at Helena sent him to Vicksburg for General Grant to decide his case. He was made a lieutenant in the army by Grant and served during the rest of the war, returning to Helena by July 4, 1865. His sister Jennie eventually married Captain Fairchild.

Edward House (1836-1901) was a native of Boston, and at various times was music critic, war correspondent, and foreign correspondent for the Boston Courier, the New York Tribune, the New York Times, and the New York Herald. He lived a great part of his life in Japan, and he founded the Tokio Times. The Midnight Warning apparently was the only book that he wrote that did not concern Japanese history or Japanese foreign policy. The only part of his career, according to several accounts, that might have afforded some background for the subject matter of the novel about Helena, was a brief stint as a correspondent with the Union armies in the eastern part of the United States during the Civil War.

§§§§§§§§

Another book that includes Helena in its ramblings is Forty Years a Gambler on the Mississippi, by George H. Devol. Cincinnati: Devol & Haines, 1887. These stories are pure fiction as far as the author's participation in them.

In a part of the book entitled, "The Arkansas Killers," the author tells of how he lived a life of gambling on Mississippi River packets. He felt safe on most of the boats, pursuing his profession, but this feeling did not extend to some river towns, especially Helena and Napoleon. At Helena, they would kill a man just to see him kick.

Devol won some money on board his current steamer from a Helena "killer," and though the latter put up a fuss about it, he was alone and a coward and nothing came of it. However, later there were some other money losers on board who were hot at him, and though he made it a policy always to stay safe on board, he decided it would be safer to go ashore among the Arkansas "killers," and catch a later boat out of town.

Clutching his gun, Betsy Jane, he managed to get into Helena, but immediately ran into the man at the hotel who was out to get him. It was hot in one place, and hot in the other. In the ensuing confusion and milling of crowds, this man and others went down to the

31

---

boat and engaged in a fight with the gamblers there, thinking that the author was among them.

But Devol waited until the boat was about to leave, and then he called a carriage. He jumped on the boat at the last minute, and the crew was successful in keeping the fighters off. Close call!

§§§§§§§§

HE'S IN HELENA! CAN YOU WIN IT?

From the Helena World, April 13, 1917

I, T. H. LaBell, am specially engaged by the leading merchants of Helena, to appear tomorrow in their places of business at the time stated to their name.

I will stay in each place of business 20 minutes. Anyone catching a smile on my face during the time will receive $100.00 reward by laying their hand on my shoulder and calling the merchant's name which are listed here.

32

---

PART IV

DIARY OF SUE COOK (1844-1912)

1864-1865

NEW YEAR'S DAY! JANUARY 1, 1865

The beginning of another year! In their rounds they come and go, and oh how fast! Many are the sad changes since the last. I hope if I cannot record brighter events this year, they will not at least be sadder. I again trust to God that at the end of this, no more of our hearts will be bereaved, and peace, sweet peace, my crown our loved land and our dear ones may all be once again gathered around our happy firesides. I pray that none may be missing, but alas; too many have already left us; to many home circles have been broken, hearts made desolate. The demon of war will certainly have his seemingly insatiable appetite sufficiently glutted this year, if the hearts blood of hundreds of thousands of the brave boys of our land will satisfy his thirst. But the cry is still more human sacrifices! I came home from Mrs. Hutchinson's this morning. Unlike last New Year's, we had a pleasant beautiful day. Sis Sallie came back this evening. Joe Stayton and Kenie Cameron are here tonight. Mr. Wilks preached at the school house.

Jan. 2- Joe and Kenie spent the day. Mr. Wilks is staying with us tonight. Had quite a discussion on the Bible.

Jan. 3 - Mr. Hutchinson was here this morning. Aunt Mary and Uncle Buck are spending the night. Aunt Mary is going across the river with Mr. Hutchinson. There is a false report now that Hood has taken Nashville.

Jan. 8 - I went home with Uncle Buck Wednesday, returned today. Capt. Baker, Lieut. and Mrs. Tom Renfro have been staying here. The lines are open at last. The soldiers have been deserting. They have caught him once, but he made his escape.

Jan. 9- Raining. Ruth Stayton came down this morning she is going to remain with me until Friday. Mr. Renfro and the Lieut. are with us tonight.

Jan. 10 - The ground was completely covered with snow this morning, but by night it was all gone. Mr. Coleman was here this morning.

Jan. 11 - A clear, pretty day. Ruth and I went to Mrs. Green's this evening to see Mag Renfro.

33

---

Jan. 12 - A federal scout under the command of Fisher and David, numbering sixty four, came here this morning, surrounded the house, but upon Pa's assuring them there were no soldiers here, they did not search it. They had Capt. Crawford, Adam Caruth and Jimmy Martin prisoners. Came upon Lieut. Hicks at Mr. Nicholson's, got his horse and rigging and all his clothes, but he out ran them. Charlie Hicks and and Pink Weatherby were married this evening. Ruth, Lieut. Hicks, Anne, the happy pair and I are staying at Mr. Hutchinson's tonight. We have been having a gay time.

Jan. 13 - Lieut. Hicks came home with us this morning. Mr. and Mrs. Burnette spent the morning. Lieut. Turner, Ben Miles, and Monroe Mathis dined with us. Monroe carried Ruth home this evening. Mr. Kesee is spending the night.

Jan. 14 - Mr. Renfro dined here. Lieut. Hicks and Mr. R. are with us tonight. Mr. Hutchinson has returned. He saw a letter from Brother but was afraid to bring it over the river. Brother has gone to Lauderdale Springs to get a discharge. This is the darkest hour our infant nation ever saw. Our armies have all been defeated and scattered, our resources nearly exhausted, our men dispirited and demoralized. My God! What is to become of us? From present prospects we will be subjugated. Oh, how gladly would I welcome Death, in preference to such.

Jan. 15 - Such a quiet day. Ma is a little indisposed. Anne came over this evening. I went home with her, am spending the night.

Jan. 16 - Dr. Baker and Miss Lida Harelson are here tonight just from Memphis. There is much talk of foreign intervention now. Mr. Hutchinson was here tonight. Wrote to Cousin A. Robbins.

Jan. 17 - Mr. Jarman came over this morning early. He, Dr. Baker, and Pa, three Master Masons initiated Sis Sallie, Nannie and I. Capt Baker and Willis Brooks dined here. Dr. Edmonson and Ben Miles spent the evening.

Jan. 18 - Emma Hicks and the bride were here this morning. Sue Johnson and Mrs. Fitzgerald spent the day. Pa is over Big Creek tonight.

Jan. 19 - Heber Jones, Monroe Mathis, and Capt. Hasiel were here this evening. Heber brought some new papers. Lieut Hicks, Ben Miles, Willis Brooks, Tom Nicholson, Anne Weatherby, and Emma Hicks came by tonight on their way to a party at Mr. Mathis. None of us would go.

Jan. 20 - Cloudy. Went to Mrs. Green's this evening. Lieut. Hicks and Ben Miles took tea and stayed till bedtime; then went to the woods.

34

---

Jan. 21 - Raining, nearly all day. Mr. Blount and Mr. Baker were here this evening. Heard today Fort Fisher, the key to Wilmington, had been captured. If Wilmington capitulates, Richmond will have to be evacuated. Such news!

Jan. 22 - Still raining. Lieut. Hicks was here this morning. Finished reading "Waverly", Scott's works today.

Jan. 23 - The ground was completely covered with snow this morning. Pa started to Helena this evening.

Jan. 24 - So very cold. J. Nelson and Willis Brooks were here today. Pa received a note from Henry Calhoon of Mississippi stating that Brother was well. Cousin Sallie Evans married.

Jan. 25 - Cold! Cold! yet. We have been looking for Pa back tonight, but he has not come yet.

Jan. 26 - Pa came back this afternoon. Got a small bill. Mr. Green was here this evening. Mrs. Montgomery and three other ladies are passing the night.

Jan. 27 - Been confined to my room all day with such a sick headache. Kenie Cameron dined here. Sis Sallie and Nannie have gone to Uncle Bucks this evening. A Federal scout at Mrs. Bart Greens last night -- did not catch anybody. Received a letter from Mrs. Tilden and Mollie Cook.

Jan. 28 - Nannie and Jennie Jones spent the day. Mr. Jarman dined with us. A very pretty day.

Jan. 29 - Sis Sallie and Nannie came home this morning. Kenie came with them and spent the day. Received a note from Drew. Another scout at Mrs. Greens last night.

Jan. 30 - Went to Mr. Hutchinson's this morning. Emma and I went to see Mrs. Edmonson who is very ill. Ma is sitting up with her tonight. Quite cloudy. The snow is nearly all gone. A Federal scout watched for Mr. Green all night again last night but were again unsuccessful.

Jan. 31 - Cloudy still. So lonely. Soldiers are afraid to go to citizen's houses now. Mrs. E. is no better. I fear the worst.

Feb. 1 - Lieut Hicks and Tommie Nicholson spent the morning and dined with us. Heber Jones was here this evening. Ma, Sis Sallie and I went to Dr. Edmonson's this evening. Ma remained all night. Mrs. E. is worse.

Feb. 2 - Been raining all night and all day. Mrs. Green dined with us today. Mrs. E. is some better. This is Ma's birthday. She is fifty one today. I wonder if I will ever live to be that age.

35

---

Feb. 3 - Wrote to Brother Roland this morning. Judge Jones spent the morning. Lieuts. Green and Hicks dined with us.

Feb. 4 - Mr. Blount was here this morning. Mrs. Jones and Heber spent the day. Ma and I are sitting up with Mrs. E.

Feb. 5 - Rained all night. Sleeting this morning. I spent the day at Mr. Hutchinson's. Mr. Renfro is here tonight. Received a letter from Joe Stayton.

Feb. 6 - Willis Brooks and Kenie Cameron dined and spent the evening. Mr. Renfro was here this evening. Pa and I are preparing to go to town tomorrow. Ma is still with Mrs. E. She is dying---

Feb. 8 - Went to Helena yesterday. Had a nice time. Got nearly everything we asked for. Stayed all night at Mrs. Lambert's. Came home tonight late. Mrs. L. came with us. There is a report that President Lincoln and Vice President Stevens are in consultation. Peace is at the bottom, we hope.

Feb. 9 - Mr. Hutchinson and Mr. Burnett were here this morning. Lieut. Hicks, Kenie Cameron, and Willis Brooks dined with us. Mr. Blount and Mr. Jarman were here this evening. There is a scout out towards Cotton Plant. Mrs. Edmonson was buried yesterday.

Feb. 10 - George Johnson and Anne Weatherby were here this afternoon. Mr. Jennings Blount and Mrs. Frazier came this afternoon. Mrs. Frazier is with us tonight.

Feb. 22 - Mrs. Lambert and I went to Mrs. L's in Monroe County on the 11th. Had a very nice time. A great many ladies and soldiers called on us. Dr. Washington, Lieut. Mayo, and Tommie Lambert were our principal beaux. Came home yesterday. Old Mrs. L. came with us. Pa went to Helena with them this morning. Capt. Weatherby very unexpectedly visited us this morning. He has been a prisoner at Johnson's Island for near two years, and is just exchanged. Cousin Mollie and Hattie Brooks, Miss Mollie Mooney, Willis Brooks, Charlie and Lieut. Hicks, Lieut. and Wm. Renfro, and Willie Edmonson are here tonight. We have had a nice little dance and enjoyed ourselves generally.

Feb. 23 - The soldiers ail left this morning. Rained incessantly the whole day in perfect torrents. Creeks are all small rivers. We are safe from scouts for sometime. Mr. Crumbeaugh dined with us on a fine turkey. Received some letters from Brother Roland. He has been opposite Helena, I wish he could have come home. The enemy have taken Columbia, S. C. Charleston is being evacuated.

Feb. 24 - Charlie Hicks was here this morning--had orders for Lieut. Turner from Dobbins. Ben Miles and Lieut. Hicks are here this evening. The soldiers have orders to organize and report at Head-

36

---

quarters. Dear fellows shall miss their smiling faces and merry pleasant visits, but tis better to go where duty calls them and our poor bleeding country so much needs them. We must console ourselves with the proud thought that when this cruel war is over, those who do not fill an honorable soldier's grave, will return wreathed with glory, never more to leave. Mrs. B. Scaife and Mrs. West are with us tonight. Pa came back tonight.

Feb. 25 - Mr. Green and Mr. Coleman were here today. We have all been reading "Macuria", Miss Evans last work, all day. Mr. Tom Lambert came down this evening, is spending the night. I have had a chill, some fever now.

Feb. 26 - The girls went home today. Sis Sallie went with them. Mr. Lambert spent the day. Mr. Nat Graves was here this afternoon. Mrs. Lambert and Tommie are spending the night.

Feb. 27 - Been confined to my bed nearly all day. There was a dining at Mrs. Blount's today. Wrote to Brother tonight.

Feb. 28 - Lieut. Hicks, Quincy Baily, and John Wilson dined with us, went to Mrs. Green's this evening. Will Edmonson left this morning. Nat Graves and Mr. Blount took tea with us.

Mar. 1 - A still cloudy day. Lieut Hicks called on his way to Head Quarters. Lieut Thompson from Johnson's Island was here. Mr. Jim and Jack Smizer visited us this morning. Nannie is sitting up at Mrs. Johnson's her little girl is very ill. I have begun to read Rollins "Ancient History".

Mar. 2 - The soldiers all have to leave today. They are ordered West. Mr. Bill and Lieut. Renfro dined with us today. Raining.

Mar. 3 - Been raining in torrents all day. Ma is at Mrs. Johnson's. We have not heard from the sick child.

Mar. 4 - Ma came home this morning. The child died day before yesterday. Nannie and Sis Sallie are there tonight. I took such a fine ride this evening. Went to Lick Creek.

Mar. 5 - Well, I suppose Mr. Lincoln took his seat yesterday as President of those United States. Such a pretty day.

Mar. 6 - Another beautiful day, but frost this morning. Pa started to Helena this morning. I have been reading Tom Moore's "Lalla Rook" tonight and I am very much interested in the fate of Zelicus and Azim. Tom Moore is a favorite of mine anyway.

Mar. 7 - Pa came back tonight. Pink, Charlie Hicks, and Mr. West are staying with us tonight. Mrs. Green and Mr. Renfro were here

37

---

this evening. I went to see Sue Johnson this morning. She is getting well.

Mar. 8 - Mr. Green was here this morning. I went to Mr. Jarman's this afternoon. Mr. West and Mr. Baily are with us tonight. Mr. West is trying to get a school.

Mar. 9 - A cold, cloudy day, snowed some. Mr. Jarman was here this evening. Mr. West is here tonight.

Mar. 10 - This is a fast day by Jeff Davis' appointment. None of us have regarded it though. The prayers and fastings of one or two will avail nothing. I spent the evening with Mrs. Green and Maggie Renfro.

Mar. 11 - Maggie R. spent the day. Mr. Burnette was here this evening. Lieut. Hicks is spending the night. I am staying with Mag. Lieut Thompson and Nat Graves were here this evening. Mrs. J. Lambert and Dr. Wilson are married.

Mar. 12 - Sis Sallie and I went to church this morning. Lieut. H., Nat, and Lieut. Thompson went with us. We dined at Uncle Buck's. Mr. and Mrs. Burnett spent the day with us.

Mar. 13 - Dr. Tunersen and Mr. Driff took breakfast with us. Been cloudy all day. Raining a little tonight.

Mar. 14 - A cloudy day. Charlie and Pink Hicks spent the evening. Mr. Miles, Ben's father, and Mr. Sanford, and Mrs. Mitchel are spending the night.

Mar. 15 - Ben Miles and Nat Graves were here this morning. Sis Sallie, Cousin Mollie and Hattie, Mollie Mooney, Carrie Edmonson and I spent the day with Mrs. Blount. Capt. Turner, Lieuts. Hicks and Thompson, Ben Miles, Nat Graves, Mr. Baker and Tab Hicks have called in today. Rained so we could not go home tonight. The boys all stayed. We sat up until three o'clock had a gay time. A splendid dinner.

Mar. 16 - Cousins Mollie and Hattie, Mollie Mooney, and Glen Baker came home with us this morning. Glen, Kenie Cameron, Joe Stayton, Nat Graves and Ben Miles are here tonight. We have been sitting up till twelve.

Mar. 17 - Glen, Kenie; Ben, Nat and all the girls from here spent the day with Mrs. Green. Had another nice dinner and a gay time. Lieut. Turner, Tab Hicks, and the above named soldiers are here tonight.

Mar. 18 - A pleasant beautiful day. Kenie and Willis spent the day and are still here. Lieut. and Tab Hicks and Glen Baker came to-

38

---

night. Emma came over this evening. We have enjoyed ourselves finely. There are several scouts out. Some jayhawkers were to have been executed this evening, but Lieut. Turner pardoned them. There is a report now that Sherman and Serfield have both been defeated.

Mar. 19 - We have had a gay time all day. Mr. Baker, Kenie, Willis, Tab, Lieut Thompson, Mr. Green, Mr. Blount, and Henry Rabb and Mr. Clopton dined with us. We had a fine turkey. The girls all left this evening. A flag of truce is staying with us tonight -- five men of Lyles'. They have been reinforced by Ben Miles and Henry Rabb.

Mar. 20 - Cloudy. Everything very quiet.

Mar. 21 - Kenie Cameron, Ben, Henry, Charlie Hicks, Emma, Pink, Mollie Mooney and Gable Thompson were here this evening. They are all spending the night at Mr. Hutchinson's. Been making a shirt for Ben Miles.

Mar. 22 - Kenie Cameron and Glen Baker spent the day and are with us tonight. Kenie and I went to Mr. Hutchinson's after Mollie Mooney this evening.

Mar. 23 - Kenie and Mr. Baker spent the morning. Mollie and I went to Mrs. Blount's this afternoon. Tab and Ed Hicks, Mr. Baker, Mr. Cameron and Willis Brooks are here tonight. Helena is almost inundated in water and the river still rising.

Mar. 24 - The boys spent the morning with us. Maggie Renfro spent the day. Mr. Polk, Mr. Smizer, and Mr. Coleman were here this evening. Ma had a hard chill this morning, been right sick all day. Pa and Sis Sallie went to Helena today. The water is up in some of the houses in town.

Mar. 25 - Nannie went to church this morning. Ruth and Miss Bettie Stayton, Mr. Wicker and Mr. Rabb came back with her. Pa and Sis Sallie came home this evening. Cousin Dick, Mollie and Sallie, Annie Lambert and Annie Rabb came with them. Tab Hicks stayed till bed time.

Mar. 26 - We all went to church today. Mr. Jones preached a very good sermon. Mollie Mooney and Lieut. Hicks came home with us. Ben Miles, Joe Stayton, Henry Rabb, Tab Hicks and Lieut Thompson reinforced us tonight. We have all been having a nice time.

Mar. 27 - The boys all left this morning, except Henry. He stayed till evening, then returned with Mr. Baker and Kenie. They are with us tonight. Mollie has gone to Mr. Hicks.

Mar. 28 - Cloudy. Misting. Joy Stayton spent the day. Lieut.

39

---

Thompson was here this morning. Ten or fifteen of Lieut. McAnulters men came here this evening for forage. Ben Miles is here tonight. Mollie came back tonight.

Mar. 29 - Raining. Mr. Miles, Baker, Cameron, and Rabb spent the day. All of us went through the rain to see Agnis Lane and Mr. Jacks married. The above named soldiers are with us tonight.

Mar. 30 - The same boys reinforced by Joe Stayton spent the day. Mollie went to Mrs. Hutchinson's this afternoon. All the boys left this evening. There is a report that Sherman has been defeated by Joe Johnson.

Mar. 31 - Lieut. and Tab Hicks, Mr. Miles, and Mr. Rabb spent the day. Tonight we were reinforced by Lieut. Turner, Lieut. Thompson, Monroe Mathis and Mr. P. Taylor. We had a nice little dance. Sue Johnson and Nat Graves spent the evening with us.

April 1 - All the boys left this morning. Emma, Mollie, and Mr. Baker were here this evening. Mr. Miles, Mr. Rabb, and Mr. Creed Bumpass are with us tonight.

April 2 - Cousin Dick and the girls all went back to Helena this morning. Cousin Mollie, Hattie, and Willis Brooks Mr. Cameron and Mr. Baker spent the day. Mollie, Emma, and Lieut. H. came by this afternoon. Nannie and I went to Mr. Hutchinson's with them and are spending the night. Tab and Charlie are here.

April 3 - Lieut. and Tab came home with us this morning, stayed until after dinner. Mr. James and Jack Smizer were here this evening. There is a report now that we have had a success in Florida and one in Louisiana. The overflow is on a standstill. It is not yet in the houses.

April 4 - Emma, Mollie, Cousin Mollie and Hattie, Sis Sallie and I spent the day with Sue Johnson--had such a nice quiet day. Emma and Mollie came home with us, and are spending the night. Ben Miles and Henry Rabb are with us also.

April 5 - Raining in torrents all day. Lieut. and Tab Hicks took breakfast with us. Our visitors could not leave, and are with us still. There are many cortradictory accounts now of Shermans and Johnson's fight, but the prevailing opinion is Sherman is whipped.

April 6 - Mr. Baker, Mr. Cameron, Mr. Miles, Mr. Rabb and Mrs. Cameron, Kenie's mother, have been with us all day. All are gone except Mrs. C. Emma and Mollie went home this morning. Cannons have been firing at Helena and at St. Charles for two days.

April 7 - A clear, pretty day. The creeks are all very full again.

40

---

Mr. Baker, Miles, Rabb, Kenie, Willis Brooks, and Tab Hicks are with us tonight. Cannons are booming at De Valls Bluff today, it is supposed over the fall of Richmond.

April 8 - Cloudy again. I went to see Mrs. Quinlan and Mrs. Nicholson this evening. Kenie Cameron was with us all day. Ben Miles, Kenie, Rabb and Tab Hicks came tonight. Pa took Mrs. Cameron into Helena this morning.

April 9 - The boys all stayed until after dinner. Rained all the morning. Lieut and Maggie Renfro spent the evening. Cousin Mollie came down this evening. Ben, Kenie, Henry, Mr. Baker and Willis are with us tonight. Pa came back this evening. Richmond, our little capital, which for four long years has been defended by the bravest boys who ever lived, has at last succumbed to the enemy. Our loved banner has been lowered and the Yanks polluted rag has been raised in its place. Mobile is also reported captured. Florrie Otey and Lieut McAnultie were married last Thursday.

April 10 - Ben and Henry left this morning. Mr. Baker spent the day. Been raining nearby all day.

April 11 - Mr. B. left this morning. We have spent a very quiet pleasant day. Ben Miles, Henry Rabb, Lieut. and Tab Hicks are with us tonight. Mr. Coleman and Mrs. Berry were married this evening. Raining again. I never saw just such a wet season as we have now. But mother Nature must weep with and for her torn and bleeding country.

April 12 - Ben Miles and Henry Rabb spent the day. Raining in torrents. Such a day as this has been! If it had been God's will I would rather never lived to see it. We were all startled from a very pleasant reverie this morning by the sound of heavy artillery at Helena. So very loud did those one hundred and sixty pounders belch forth shot and shell, that the house was shaken. With sad, heavy hearts did we listen, for well we knew, when two hundred guns were counted, that it was an uncommon salute. We had suffered more than a usual defeat. At. four o'clock this evening Lieut. and Tab Hicks came with the awful, awful news that Gen. Lee with his whole army had surrendered to Gen. U. S. Grant; that Forrest had surrendered to Washburn without a fight; that last though is a mere rumor, but the first too true. How many sad and bleeding hearts are there tonight, throughout our suffering little nation, O God! Can it be true, that, after four years of war such as the world never saw before, when so many thousands of our brave and loved boys, have lain down their lives, poured their hearts blood upon their country's altar, can it be true that we must throw down our arms, and bow to the yoke of the hated Yankees. A picture too horrible to contemplate. Behind the clouds now dimming our horizon not a star is shining.

41

---

Mr. Nelson, Mr. Cameron and Mr. Baker added to the news mentioned above. They are our visitors tonight. We have all been moody and silent.

§§§§§§§§

NEW MEMBERS

§§§§§

In Memoriam: One of our members of long-standing, Mr. Sam W. Tappan of Helena, died March 2, 1967.

42

---

.....Letter to the QUARTERLY

I have a little story that I want to tell you about. When I read the present issue, and saw an account of the Gunboat Scorpion visiting Helena in 1901, it brings to mind that we had the Scorpion before Helena did. That was at Arkansas City, where my family lived until 1913, when we moved to Helena. It was a big day there, but in those days we had many Government boats stop, such as the U.S. S. Nashville, twice, in 1900 and 1904, then the Torpedo boat, the Lawrence. Then in 1902, it was truly the big day in my little town, when the Monitor Arkansas arrived, truly enroute to Helena to have the ship's Silver Service presented, but due to low water, it was presented in Arkansas City. They had cannons shipped over from Fort Roots in Little Rock, the governor came, together with a large crowd of notables. Later other ships came. Before I close, I want to say that my mother had given to her on the Scorpion a hardtack, with the inscription with pen and ink, "U. S. S. Scorpion, Arkansas City, Arkansas," then the date in May as well as I remember. We had this hardtack in our family until we moved to Arkansas St. in 1924, and it had begun to deteriorate, and threw it away. Will never forget, I was a little more than four years old, and my mother bought me a sailor suit, which were common in those days. When we boarded the ship from our ferry-boat, there were many people who thought that I was a "son of one of the crew," and Mama told them no, I belonged to her, and Papa.

Well, to wind this story up, I was in the Navy in World War I, and took our Navy magazine even after I returned home. Just about the time that I did come home in 1919, I received my magazine, and in looking through it, saw a picture of the Scorpion and an article, written from Constantinople, Turkey, saying they all wanted to come home so badly, but others in World War I had to wait. I never heard anything else from the old ship, whether they brought her home, or sold it, as the Navy did so many of their old ships.

I must quit now, but enjoyed Alma Faust's article on the West Helena schools, as remember so well many of the West Helena pupils. They had to ride over on the streetcar, as my sister Mae and I did on bad stormy days. We lived at the old Lamb place, and would take the M & NA train to West Helena, thence the cars, with Alma and Elsie Ewart, Mary Lyford, and a host of others, but we had fun. I am

Sincerely

Walter R. Roe
San Antonio, Texas
January 29, 1967

43

---